Association of Malocclusion Severity With Periodontal Parameters Among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Institutional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7492/a7yh8e28Keywords:
Malocclusion, periodontal parameters, orthodontic treatment, gingivitis, periodontitis, retrospective studyAbstract
Background Malocclusion may contribute to plaque retention and compromised oral hygiene thereby influencing periodontal health. Evaluation of periodontal parameters among orthodontic patients with varying malocclusion patterns is important for comprehensive treatment planning.
Aim To evaluate the association between type of malocclusion and periodontal parameters among patients seeking orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods This retrospective institutional study was conducted using patient records archived between January 2020 and January 2025. A total of 1324 patient records with complete orthodontic and periodontal documentation were included. Malocclusion was categorized as Class I Class II Division 1 Class II Division 2 and Class III based on orthodontic records. Periodontal diagnosis was categorized as clinically healthy gingiva localized chronic gingivitis generalized chronic gingivitis localized chronic periodontitis and generalized chronic periodontitis. Plaque Index Gingival Index probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test and one way ANOVA.
Results Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent occlusal category 42.8 percent followed by Class II Division 1 31.8 percent Class II Division 2 15.0 percent and Class III malocclusion 10.4 percent. Generalized chronic gingivitis was the most common periodontal condition 55.1 percent. Class III malocclusion demonstrated higher mean Plaque Index 2.08 ± 0.42 Gingival Index 1.96 ± 0.46 probing pocket depth 4.1 ± 0.7 mm and clinical attachment loss 2.7 ± 0.8 mm compared to other malocclusion groups. A significant association was observed between malocclusion type and periodontal status p equals 0.001. Conclusion Class II Division 1 and Class III malocclusion demonstrated comparatively poorer periodontal parameters among orthodontic patients.
