Pharmacognostic, Therapeutic, and Formulation Insights into Sesamum indicum: From Traditional Uses to Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Purpose: The present article aims to compile current information on Sesamum indicum, including its pharmacological and nutritional importance, historic
uses, main bioactive components, and new developments in formulation techniques. Through better delivery methods, the review seeks to show how old
usage relates to contemporary therapeutic breakthroughs. Method: Information from published pharmacognostic studies, ethnomedical records,
phytochemical investigations, and current pharmaceutical formulation research is gathered and examined in this review. To comprehend the evolution of
sesame-derived actives from traditional applications to modern therapeutic use, a comparative analysis of traditional preparations and contemporary delivery
systems was carried out. Outcomes: Unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, as well as lignans like sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol are abundant
in S. indicum seeds and oil, according to findings from the reviewed literature. These components have significant hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Sesame lignans regulate oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and lipid metabolic pathways, according to
mechanistic research. Clinical research shows moderate but positive impact on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. The stability, bioavailability, and
controlled release of sesame actives are improved by developments in formulation science, such as nanoemulsions, microcapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles,
and co-delivery systems. Conclusion: Sesamum indicum has significant nutritional and medicinal benefits that are backed by both conventional use and
current pharmacological research. Its physiological advantages and varied phytochemical profile support ongoing investigation into its therapeutic potential.
By resolving stability and bioavailability issues, emerging delivery technologies expand their usefulness and connect traditional methods with cutting-edge
treatment approaches.