Examining the Interplay of Power and Economic Integration in Africa: Challenges and Prospects

Abstract

This study examines the interplay of power and economic integration in Africa, with a particular focus on how political, institutional, and external dynamics shape the outcomes of regional cooperation. It explores the paradox between aspirations for autonomy and persistent patterns of dependency. The research adopts a systematic literature review drawing on peer-reviewed articles, books, and policy reports published between 2020 and 2025, complemented by foundational works on rationalisation and collaboration theory. Data were analysed using content analysis and document review to identify key themes and patterns. Five categories of barriers were identified: political and institutional weaknesses, economic challenges, social and cultural inequalities, external influences, and the mixed performance of regional institutions. Power asymmetries enable larger states and external actors to dominate decision-making, while weaker states struggle to secure equitable benefits. Integration persists, but often through rationalisations that justify inefficiencies and dependencies. The study recommends clearer policies, stronger accountability mechanisms, inclusive stakeholder engagement, and institutional reforms to rebalance power and enhance legitimacy. By linking power dynamics with rationalisation and collaboration theory, the study provides a novel explanatory framework for understanding Africa’s integration paradox, with lessons applicable to other developing regions.