Secure and Trust-Enhanced GPSR-IMST Routing for Reliable Data Transmission in IoT-Enabled WSNs

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks play a crucial role in modern applications such as industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, environmental sensing, and IoT systems. However, energy restrictions and scalability issues lead to the importance of efficient routing as a design problem. Geographic routing protocols such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing are enticing because they are localized and stateless, but the regular version of GPSR has been demonstrated to consume unevenly and often local minimums with respect to its energy use and routing overheads. In order to handle these shortcomings, this phaseproposes GPSR-IMST, a hybrid geographic routing protocol which is a hybrid of GPSR and an IMST. The main task is to attain energy efficient, reliable, and scalable data transmission of large-scale WSNs. The IMST is built based on composite link weights that include distance, residual energy and cost of communication creating a stable and energy stable routing backbone. IMST edges restrict greedy and perimeter routing choices and minimize redundant transmissions and enhance routing stability. The simulations that were done in large scale were used to test performance based on the latency, the ratio of packet delivery, energy consumption and network lifetime. The outcomes indicate that GPSR-IMST significantly works better than anexisting GPSR and energy-aware versions, with lower delay, better delivery dependability, less energy consumption and longer network life. The above-proposed approach stands out well in balancing energy usage and at the same time, it is scalable thus appropriate in resource-limited WSN and IoT applications.