Information Technology in Higher Education in India

Abstract

The higher education sector in India is currently undergoing a radical digital metamorphosis, transitioning from basic ICT adoption to a "Neo-Ed" model driven by autonomous and immersive technologies. This research examines the framework of Information Technology in Higher Education in India, evaluating how the convergence of Agentic AI, Blockchain-verified credentialing, and Extended Reality (XR) is redefining the traditional campus experience. With over 4.3 crore students and a Gross Enrolment Ratio of 28.4%, the Indian landscape faces a unique "technology paradox": while urban centers deploy sophisticated AI-powered adaptive learning systems and digital twins, rural institutions grapple with the digital divide. The study highlights critical government-led enablers such as the National Digital University, Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), and the SAMARTH ERP system, which collectively facilitate seamless credit portability and administrative transparency. Furthermore, the shift toward stackable micro-credentials and industry-aligned "skill-first" pedagogies addresses the longstanding employability gap, where currently only 50–55% of engineering graduates are considered job-ready. By analyzing the integration of Edge Computing for localized data processing and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for multilingual content delivery, this paper provides a scalable roadmap for humanizing technology. Ultimately, the framework suggests that for India to lead the global digital revolution, it must harmonize technological sophistication with educational compassion, ensuring that digital maturity becomes a core competency rather than a temporary crisis response.