Perceptual Gaps in Employment Barriers for Specially Abled Persons: Evidence from Prospects and Employers Using EFA–CFA and Multivariate Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the perceptual gaps in employment barriers for specially abled persons by comparing perspectives of job prospects and employers using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and multivariate statistical techniques. Through a structured survey across public and private sector organizations, the research identifies critical differences in how each group interprets infrastructural, attitudinal, policy-related, and operational challenges. The findings reveal that while prospects emphasize social exclusion and lack of inclusive workplace practices, employers tend to focus more on formal policy and cost-related concerns. Significant perceptual divergences were validated through EFA–CFA and hypothesis testing, with organizational type playing a moderating role. The study emphasizes the need for mutual awareness, inclusive hiring frameworks, and multi-stakeholder engagement to bridge these gaps and promote equitable employment.