POTENTIAL TRANSITION MODELS FOR LOW-CARBON BUSINESS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THAILAND

Abstract

 Low-carbon business refers to a concept that encourages enterprises to transform their operations to reduce GHG emissions. This includes promoting efficient use of energy and resources, minimizing waste throughout production processes, and transitioning toward renewable or clean energy sources. The shift toward low-carbon business models presents both challenges and opportunities, requiring strategic adaptation to align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals have become a central framework for modern business management, emphasizing sustainability, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship.

This research aims to: (1) examine the levels of external pressure, internal management, organizational resources, and the potential for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand to transition toward low-carbon business; (2) investigate the influence of external pressure, internal management, and organizational resources on the transition potential of Thai SMEs; and (3) develop a model representing the transition potential of Thai SMEs toward low-carbon business.

A mixed−methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research, was employed. The quantitative phase involved 240 SMEs that were interested in transitioning to low-carbon business. The sample size was determined using a criterion of 20 times the number of observed variables and selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The qualitative phase utilized in−depth interviews with 20 key informants, including SME entrepreneurs and experts in low-carbon business practices.