Demographic Distribution and Pattern of Orthognathic Surgical Treatment Planning Among Patients Undergoing Corrective Jaw Surgery: A Retrospective Institutional Study

Abstract

Background

Orthognathic surgery plays a significant role in the correction of dentofacial deformities by improving functional occlusion, facial esthetics, and psychosocial well being. The increasing demand for corrective jaw surgery has resulted in evolving trends in surgical treatment planning. Evaluating institutional patterns of orthognathic surgery may provide valuable insight into demographic distribution and commonly performed procedures.

Aim

To evaluate the demographic distribution and pattern of orthognathic surgical treatment planning among patients undergoing corrective jaw surgery in a tertiary dental care institution.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective institutional study included 369 patient records of individuals planned for orthognathic surgical correction between January 2019 and April 2026. Data were retrieved from institutional digital case records maintained by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Variables analyzed included age, gender, type of surgical procedure, combination surgeries, and arch involvement. Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests were performed using SPSS software version 23.0, with p less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

The majority of patients belonged to the 18 to 25 years age group 58.0%, with a slight male predominance 54.7%. Anterior maxillary osteotomy 46.6% was the most frequently planned procedure, followed by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy 40.1% and genioplasty 34.1%. Combined upper and lower jaw involvement was observed in 59.9% of cases. Significant associations were observed between age group and surgical treatment patterns with p less than 0.05.

Conclusion

Orthognathic surgical treatment planning was predominantly observed among young adults, with combined jaw surgeries being the most common treatment modality. The study highlights the increasing preference for comprehensive corrective jaw surgery to achieve functional and esthetic rehabilitation.