THE NEW FACE OF JAKARTA AFTER THE CAPITAL RELOCATION TO EAST KALIMANTAN: TOWARD A GLOBAL CITY

Abstract

 This study aims to analyze the transformation of governmental bureaucracy following the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan and to examine the challenges, opportunities, and prospects of Jakarta’s transformation into a global city. The study also compares the experiences of several countries in relocating their capital cities, namely Brazil, Malaysia, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, and Myanmar, particularly in terms of bureaucratic reform and governance systems.This research employs a qualitative approach using library research and a comparative case study method. The data were collected from international journals, academic books, policy reports, and official government documents, which were analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative approach.

The findings indicate that the success of capital relocation is strongly influenced by the quality of bureaucratic reform, institutional integration, and the effectiveness of governance systems. Malaysia, through the development of Putrajaya, is considered relatively successful due to its ability to integrate smart governance and digital bureaucracy into its state administrative system. In contrast, Nigeria and Myanmar encountered various problems caused by weak bureaucratic coordination, low social integration, and the dominance of political interests in the development of their new capitals. Meanwhile, Brazil and Kazakhstan demonstrated symbolic and administrative achievements but still faced challenges related to social inequality and centralized power.