Quantitative Assessment of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Challenges for True Ability Persons: A Comparative Analysis Based on CDC (USA), WHO, and Indian Census Data

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has shown a steady global increase in prevalence over the past two decades, reflecting both heightened awareness and evolving diagnostic frameworks. This study analyses historical prevalence data from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network (2000–2020) and projects future trends up to 2026 using Microsoft Excel-based forecasting. The results indicate a rise in ASD prevalence from 6.7 per 1,000 children in 2000 to 27.6 per 1,000 in 2020, approximately 1 in 36 children. Forecasted estimates suggest a modest stabilization around 11.3 per 1,000, with an upper confidence bound of 15.52 and a lower bound of 6.99, highlighting potential variability due to changes in diagnostic criteria, awareness, and reporting practices. A comparative analysis between the United States and India underscores significant disparities in prevalence estimation, healthcare infrastructure, and social inclusion. While the USA demonstrates structured diagnostic systems, early intervention programs, and inclusive educational policies, India continues to face challenges, including limited epidemiological data, uneven access to specialized services, and social stigma surrounding neurodevelopmental disorders. The findings emphasize the urgent need for developing countries to establish national surveillance systems, enhance community-level screening, and promote inclusive education and employment opportunities for individuals with autism.This study contributes to the understanding of global ASD trends, advocating for cross-cultural epidemiological collaboration, equitable access to services, and the recognition of neurodiversity as an essential dimension of human development.