REAL-TIME BATTERY HEALTH ESTIMATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

Abstract

With the proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs), the requirements for advanced battery monitoring and safety solutions are growing. They use lithium-ion batteries, which have high energy density and long life. However, inadequate supervision of battery indicators can lead to waste in battery efficiency and safety issues (Bang et al., 2020). This paper proposes real-time battery health estimation and protection system as a solution which continuously monitor the battery parameters and detect the abnormal operating conditions. The processing unit processes input sensors of voltage, current and temperature using a microcontroller. At that point, it can become an accepted approach to run analysis on this data and determine the battery state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC). Overheat, overcharge, and deep discharge are examples of critical conditions detected from a protection scheme implemented. It responds without any user input, putting protective measures in place (i.e., autonomously shutting down the battery in extreme cases) as soon as abnormalities are detected. This system helps improve safety, monitoring accuracy and reliability of the battery operation. Some of the EV applications have confirmed the efficiency in monitoring battery parameters and prolonging life cycle as their prerequisites.