Analysis of Heat Transfer in an Indirect Solar Dryer Integrated with Sensible and Latent Heat Storage

Abstract

This study presents a detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation of heat transfer characteristics in an indirect solar dryer integrated with both sensible and latent heat storage systems. The primary objective is to enhance drying efficiency and ensure continuous operation during intermittent solar radiation. The system incorporates a solar air collector, drying chamber, pebble bed for sensible heat storage, and phase change material (PCM) modules for latent heat storage. A three-dimensional CFD model was developed using ANSYS Fluent to simulate airflow behavior, temperature distribution, and heat transfer mechanisms under varying operating conditions. The results indicate that the integration of hybrid thermal energy storage significantly improves thermal stability within the drying chamber. The PCM effectively stores excess heat during peak solar hours and releases it during low or no solar radiation periods, maintaining a nearly uniform temperature profile. The combined storage system enhances heat retention, reduces temperature fluctuations, and improves overall drying efficiency by approximately 20–25% compared to conventional dryers. Furthermore, the airflow analysis reveals uniform air distribution, minimizing hotspots and ensuring consistent drying of products. The findings demonstrate that the integration of sensible and latent heat storage with indirect solar drying systems offers a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for agricultural and industrial drying applications.