From Two to Five Dimensions: Development and Validation of the Instrument for Measuring Teacher Performance

Abstract

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development emphasizes that teachers serve as agents with an important role in creating high-quality human capital. Like other nations, Malaysia needs to transform its education system to enhance the quality of educators, as assessing teacher performance is crucial to improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning. This research was conducted to validate teacher job-performance instruments through a questionnaire validation procedure. The questionnaire, which consists of 33 items across two dimensions, task performance and contextual performance, was administered to primary school teachers. The data were collected from 200 primary school teachers for an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and from 377 respondents for a confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Kelantan, Malaysia. The data were analyzed using SPSS 29 for EFA and AMOS 29.0 for CFA. Six items have been deleted, and five dimensions have been extracted: Volunteerism (VOLU), Preferred Task (PTSK), Productivity (PROD), Compliance (COMP), and Specific Task (STSK) to measure teacher performance constructs in the current context. The findings of this research have led to a more comprehensive and practical teacher performance assessment, enhancing teacher effectiveness and improving the quality of education.