Role of NGOs and Civil Society in Supporting IDPs in Kerala: Lessons from 2020–2025 Disasters

Abstract

The state of Kerala has faced recurring natural disasters over the past decade, including floods, landslides, and cyclonic storms, leading to repeated internal displacement. Between 2020 and 2025, thousands of families were displaced due to extreme monsoon events and climate-related hazards. This project examines the role of Non-Governmental Organisation's (NGOs) and civil society in supporting Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Kerala during this period. It explores emergency response, camp management, livelihood restoration, psychosocial care, and long-term rehabilitation efforts. The study also evaluates coordination between NGOs and government agencies such as the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA). Using secondary data sources including government reports, NGO publications, and academic literature, the report identifies best practices, challenges, and lessons for strengthening disaster response systems. The findings highlight that civil society’s grassroots networks, volunteer mobilisation, and community trust significantly enhanced relief operations, though funding gaps and coordination challenges persist. The study concludes that sustainable displacement management requires integrated planning, climate adaptation strategies, and stronger state–civil society partnerships.