Nutritional Deficiencies and Psychosocial Burden in Children with Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Celiac disease is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion and is increasingly recognized in pediatric populations worldwide. In children, the disease extends beyond gastrointestinal symptoms, significantly affecting nutritional status, growth, and psychosocial well-being. The objective of this review is to critically examine the epidemiology and pathophysiology of celiac disease in children, with particular emphasis on nutritional deficiencies, challenges associated with adherence to a gluten-free diet, and the psychosocial burden experienced by affected children and their families.

In conclusion, although a strict gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of management and improves clinical outcomes, persistent nutritional inadequacies and psychosocial challenges are common. A multidisciplinary approach incorporating nutritional monitoring, dietary counseling, psychological support, and policy-level interventions is essential to improve longterm health outcomes and quality of life in children with celiac disease.