Strengthening of Historical Masonry Domes Using Textile Reinforced Mortar

Abstract

Historical masonry domes are among the most significant architectural and cultural heritages across the world, yet their structural integrity is often compromised due to aging, environmental degradation, and seismic vulnerability. Conventional retrofitting techniques such as concrete jacketing, steel ties, or fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) overlays present limitations related to compatibility, reversibility, aesthetics, and durability. Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), comprising high-strength textiles embedded in an inorganic mortar matrix, has emerged as a promising alternative for conservation and strengthening of heritage masonry domes. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of TRM as a strengthening solution for historical masonry domes. The study covers the mechanical properties of TRM composites, experimental investigations, and numerical modeling of dome retrofitting under static and seismic loading. Results highlight the ability of TRM to significantly enhance flexural strength, crack resistance, and energy dissipation capacity while maintaining material compatibility with existing masonry. The findings suggest TRM is a sustainable, durable, and minimally invasive technique suitable for heritage preservation.