ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADMISSION SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS AND VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7492/m30k3n33Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarction, serum magnesium, hypomagnesemia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, arrhythmiaAbstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction AMI is a major cardiovascular emergency and is commonly associated with ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia VT and ventricular fibrillation VF. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining normal cardiac electrical activity, and low serum magnesium may increase the risk of arrhythmias during AMI.
Aim: To study the association between low serum magnesium levels and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 75 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset at a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu. Serum magnesium levels were measured at admission, Day 2, and discharge. Patients were monitored for ventricular arrhythmias during hospital stay. Hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium level less than 1.7 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 55.35 ± 12.84 years, and 68.0% were males. STEMI accounted for 70.7% of cases. Low serum magnesium at admission was present in 36.0% of patients. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 24.0% of patients, with VT in 18.7% and VF in 5.3%. VT and VF were more common in patients with low magnesium levels 29.6% compared to patients with normal magnesium levels 20.8%, but this difference was not statistically significant p = 0.412. Multivariable logistic regression showed hypertension as an independent predictor of VT and VF Adjusted OR 4.148, p = 0.023.
Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was common among AMI patients. Patients with low serum magnesium showed a higher occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias, although statistical significance was not achieved. Hypertension was independently associated with VT and VF. Routine monitoring of serum magnesium may help in identifying high risk AMI patients.
