Integration of Rogi Pariksha, Nidana Panchaka and Mutra Pariksha with Modern Diagnostics in Prameha and CKD: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Ayurvedic diagnostics focus on concomitant examination of the disease (Roga Pariksha) and the individual (Rogi Pariksha), which also incorporates Nidana
Panchaka, Prakriti evaluation and organ-specific tests such as Mutra Pariksha. Long-term and individualised chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnostic methods,
especially Prameha (linked to diabetes mellitus), are needed to fit into these classical models. This narrative review is a synthesis of current literature on Nidana
Panchaka, Rogi Pariksha, Prakriti tools, Mutra Pariksha (with Taila Bindu Pariksha) and incorporation of modern studies into Ayurvedic practice into chronic
disease settings. There is evidence of classical methods, which complement biochemical tests and imaging to detect it early, risk stratification and prognosis,
especially when these are complemented with validated Prakriti assessment and standardised Mutra Pariksha protocols. Its clinical utility is based on psychometric
rigour, multi-centre research and standardised procedures to effectively reconcile Ayurvedic and modern approaches. A structured integrative diagnostic framework
that integrates Rogi Pariksha and Nidana Panchaka with biochemical and imaging parameters is also suggested in this review to enhance early diagnosis, risk
stratification and prognosis in chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.