Patient Handoff Practices Among Nurses and Their Impact on Patient Safety and Organizational Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Patient handoff (clinical handover) is a vital communication process during transitions of care. Ineffective handoffs are a major cause of medical
errors and adverse events globally. International organizations such as the World Health Organization and The Joint Commission emphasize standardized handoff
communication to improve patient safety.
Methods & Materials: systematic review of literature published between 2004 and 2025 was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL,
and Web of Science. Studies examining structured handoff practices, bedside reporting, communication frameworks (e.g., SBAR), and electronic handover
systems were included. Various study designs such as systematic reviews, qualitative studies, and empirical research were analysed.
Results: Structured handoff approaches, including SBAR, bedside handover, and electronic documentation, improved communication accuracy, reduced
information loss, and enhanced patient involvement. These interventions were also associated with decreased medication errors, patient falls, and pressure
injuries. However, barriers such as time constraints, interruptions, lack of training, and resistance to change limited effective implementation.
Conclusion: Structured nursing handoff strategies significantly enhance patient safety and healthcare outcomes. Successful implementation requires
organizational support, staff training, and technological integration to overcome existing barriers and strengthen patient safety culture.