Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in the Evaluation of Small Bowel Obstruction: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of acute abdomen requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Imaging plays a vital role in identifying the site, cause, and complications of obstruction. Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) has emerged as the imaging modality of choice due to its high diagnostic accuracy and ability to provide detailed cross-sectional imaging.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in detecting small bowel obstruction, identify its etiology and level, and assess associated complications

Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients clinically suspected of SBO who underwent MDCT examination. CT findings were analyzed for presence, level, cause, and complications of obstruction. Diagnostic performance parameters including sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were calculated. CT findings were correlated with surgical findings wherever available.

Results: The majority of patients were in the 46–60 years age group, with male predominance. The distal ileum was the most common site of obstruction. Adhesions were the leading cause followed by strictures and inflammatory conditions. MDCT demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity of 94.5%, specificity of 72.6%, and overall accuracy of 88%. Complications such as bowel wall edema, mesenteric congestion, and ascites were effectively identified.

Conclusion: MDCT is a highly reliable imaging modality for evaluating small bowel obstruction. It accurately identifies the site, cause, and complications, and shows strong correlation with surgical findings. It plays a crucial role in guiding clinical management.