Electrochemical Advancements in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The rapid transition toward electric vehicles (EVs) has driven signif- icant advancements in battery technologies, with electrochemical innovations playing a pivotal role in enhancing performance, safety, and sustainability. This paper explores recent electrochemical developments in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), solid-state batteries, and alternative chemistries such as lithium-sulfur and sodium-ion batteries. Key advancements include improvements in electrode materials, electrolyte formulations, and manufacturing techniques that enhance energy density, charge-discharge rates, and cycle life. The shift toward high- nickel cathodes, silicon anodes, and advanced solid electrolytes has addressed key challenges related to thermal stability and capacity retention. Furthermore, novel battery management systems and recycling methods are examined to pro- mote environmental sustainability and reduce material dependency. This review highlights how electrochemical innovations are shaping the future of EV batter- ies, driving higher efficiency, longer lifespan, and greater affordability.