DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Abstract

The design and fabrication of a fire control system for electric vehicles aims to enhance safety through early fire detection and automatic suppression using an IoT-based embedded approach. With the rapid growth of EVs, fire risks caused by battery overheating, short circuits, and insulation failure have increased, making advanced protection systems essential. The system is controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller and powered by a 12 V, 7 Ah battery for reliable operation. It uses an MQ2 gas sensor to detect smoke and flammable gases and a flame sensor for direct fire detection. Sensor data is processed in real time and displayed on a 16×2 I²C LCD, while an LM2596 buck converter ensures stable voltage supply. When gas concentration or flame intensity exceeds predefined thresholds, the controller automatically activates a solenoid valve. This valve releases dry powder from a pressurized fire extinguisher to suppress fire at an early stage. The mechanical setup includes a pressure gauge, non-return valve, and pressure relief valve for safe operation. The system also integrates IoT technology using the Blynk platform for remote monitoring and alerts. Users receive real-time notifications on smartphones even when the vehicle is unattended. The design is compact, cost-effective, and energy-efficient. It ensures fast response and reliable performance in critical situations. The system is suitable for EV battery compartments and charging stations. It reduces fire risks and potential damage significantly. Overall, it provides an intelligent and automated solution for improving EV fire safety.