IMPACT OF DRONE TECHNOLOGY ON LABOUR SHORTAGE IN KUTTANAD PADDY FARMING

Abstract

Kuttanad, known as the rice bowl of Kerala, is located in the Alappuzha district and is widely recognized for its paddy cultivation, fisheries, duck farming, and tourism. Agriculture in this region plays a vital role in ensuring food production in Kerala. Traditionally, farming depended heavily on manual labour, which has recently faced challenges due to labour shortages and rising input costs. This study focuses on the adoption of drone technology as a solution to these issues.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, significant disruptions in the labour market, particularly among women workers, intensified labour shortages in paddy farming. Many women shifted to alternative employment opportunities such as MNREGA, Kudumbashree, and retail jobs due to health concerns and income stability. As a result, the availability of agricultural labour declined considerably.

This study adopts a mixed-method approach using surveys, interviews, and field observations. Primary data were collected from 64 farmers and 24 drone operators, along with secondary data from institutional sources. A linear regression model was used to analyse the relationship between income and profit before and after the adoption of drone technology. The results indicate a positive relationship, showing that for every ₹1 increase in income, profit increases by ₹0.7075 on average.The findings reveal that drone technology reduces labour dependency, improves efficiency, and increases farmers’ profits by approximately ₹4,000 per acre. However, adoption remains limited due to factors such as cost, lack of awareness, and accessibility. The study concludes that drone technology is an effective solution for labour shortages and can enhance productivity with appropriate policy support.