"Sanitation Behaviour Change in Tribal Communities: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan & CLTS in Uttarakhand"

Abstract

This study assesses the sustainability of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) in selected districts. It focuses on Dehradun and Udham Singh Nagar to compare sanitation outcomes. The research highlights the gap between toilet construction and actual usage. A descriptive and comparative research design is adopted. Both primary data (field surveys, questionnaires) and secondary data are used. The study finds increased awareness about sanitation and hygiene among people. There is a noticeable shift in behavior regarding open defecation practices. However, consistent toilet usage remains a major challenge. Dehradun shows better performance in awareness and usage than Udham Singh Nagar. Issues like poor construction quality and lack of water supply affect sustainability. Socio-cultural beliefs and limited behavioral acceptance also play a role. The study concludes that long-term success depends on behavioral change and community participation.