The Role of Sweeteners (Erythritol, Xylitol) in Cardiovascular Risk: Friend or Foe

Abstract

Background:
Sugar alternatives are quite numerous which take the form of artificial and naturally occurring sweeteners the most popular of whom are
xylitol and erythritol. This type of compounds is not regarded as dangerous, however, recent research shows that it is taking action on
metabolic and heart physiology. Increasing concerns have been directed at their potential associations with the thrombosis, endothelial
injury and the cardiometabolic risk.
Objective:
The proposed study will compare the available literature on the cardiovascular potential of erythritol and xylitol and establish whether the
two sweeteners are protective substances replacing sugar, or they are associated with the high cardiovascular risk.
Method:
It was in narrative review formulation under which the findings of clinical trials, observational studies, and mechanistic studies that were
published in the last decade were integrated. The articles found in the databases (PublMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) that were used
to measure the effect of sweetener consumption on cardiovascular outcomes regarding platelet activity, endothelial activity, lipid
metabolism, and inflammatory pathways were identified.
Results:
It has been demonstrated that erythritol has the potential to increase thrombotic potential since it heightens platelet reactivity and clot and
particularly in individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease. Xylitol has been shown to possess vague effects and some reports
show of lower glycemic control and some reports of possible pro-inflammatory cues. The two drugs have dose-dependent physiological
responses with the high doses being dangerous to the body.
Conclusion:
Erythritol and xylitol do not maintain their harmful status as universal sugars replacements. Even though they may have certain
cardiovascular risks, especially to vulnerable ones, new evidence can pose certain cardiovascular dangers, albeit with some beneficial
effects on metabolism. It is required that more controlled experiments be carried out to establish safe levels of consumption